Cidades globais no contexto dos negócios internacionais: Do esquecimento à tendência na produção acadêmica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18568/1980-4865.11349-63Palavras-chave:
cidades globais, negócios internacionais, empresas multinacionais, EMNResumo
Este artigo investiga a literatura de negócios internacionais dos últimos quarenta anos a partir da incorporação do termo cidades globais como referencial na construção de novos aportes teóricos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliométrica em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram identificadas as principais áreas de conhecimento e os estudos seminais abordando o conceito. A maior parte das pesquisas concentram-se na geografia econômica e nos estudos urbanos. Na segunda, foram organizadas as abordagens utilizadas especificamente em negócios internacionais nos principais periódicos da área. Os resultados demonstram que os estudos sobre cidades globais são ainda incipientes destacando-se, dentre as abordagens, a relação entre vantagens de localização e aspectos específicos da empresa multinacional. Existe crescente interesse no desenvolvimento de análises em nível subnacional representado pelas cidades globais, a partir de diferentes aspectos como a escolha do modo de entrada, o papel das empresas de serviços avançados, a importância das redes e o processo de transferência de conhecimento. A combinação entre as perspectivas da geografia econômica e de negócios internacionais, embora reivindicada há algum tempo por estudiosos de ambas as áreas, ainda carece de um corpo teórico e empírico mais robusto no que se refere as cidades como centros de atratividade de investimentos estrangeiros em mercados globais. Ao analisar a importância do fenômeno das cidades globais, o estudo contribui para melhor compreensão das estratégias contemporâneas de internacionalização das empresas multinacionais, ressaltando o potencial interdisciplinar entre as teorias de negócios internacionais e geografia econômica.
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