Sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico: um estudo para países emergentes a partir de um sistema de equações simultâneas

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18568/internext.v18i3.741

Palavras-chave:

Sistema financeiro, Desenvolvimento econômico, Países emergentes, América Latina, Países asiáticos

Resumo

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação bidirecional entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento econômico para um conjunto de dados de países em desenvolvimento da América Latina e da Ásia entre 2001 e 2019. Método: Esta pesquisa empregou uma abordagem empírica para analisar a relação estatística entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento econômico, apresentando uma estimativa de um sistema de equações simultâneas para dados em painel de países asiáticos e latino-americanos usando MQ3E. Principais Resultados: Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa forneceram evidências de que o desenvolvimento financeiro não parece ter impacto significativo no crescimento econômico, embora este apresente influência significativa e positiva no desenvolvimento financeiro. Além disso, os resultados também sugeriram que a qualidade regulatória e o crédito doméstico direcionado ao setor privado têm efeito positivo sobre o crescimento econômico, enquanto a urbanização e a educação apresentaram influência negativa sobre o crescimento. O modelo estimado também indicou que a urbanização apresentou influência positiva sobre o desenvolvimento financeiro enquanto o investimento estrangeiro direto apresentou efeito negativo no desenvolvimento do setor financeiro. Relevância / Originalidade: A maior parte das pesquisas sobre sistema financeiro e crescimento econômico tem se concentrado em identificar correlação ou causalidade entre essas variáveis, com pouca atenção dada à relação simultânea entre elas. Esta ainda é uma lacuna na literatura econômica. Seguindo essa premissa, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação bidirecional entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento por meio da estimação de um sistema de equações simultâneas usando a metodologia de MQ3E, de Zellner e Theil (1962). Nesse sentido, a principal contribuição será dada empiricamente, com base em dados e análises de países emergentes da América Latina e Ásia. O fato de o desenvolvimento financeiro influenciar o crescimento e o crescimento influenciar o desenvolvimento do setor financeiro indica uma relação simultânea entre essas variáveis. Outra contribuição relevante é atualizar o debate sobre sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico para países emergentes, destacando aspectos institucionais e ciclos financeiros. Contribuições teóricas / Metodológicas: A principal contribuição deste estudo está na estratégia empírica, cujos resultados dialogam com parte da literatura sobre sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico apresentada ao longo do texto. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa explorou a relação estatística entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento financeiro para uma amostra composta de 22 países emergentes asiáticos e latino-americanos, utilizando um modelo de equações simultâneas.

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Biografia do Autor

Thomas Cristofaro Warrener, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Mariana (MG), Brazil.

Economista na Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômico de Minas Gerais. Mestre em Economia Aplicada pelo PPEA-UFOP. 

Fernanda Faria Silva, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Mariana (MG), Brazil.

Permanent Professor (Departament of Economics) and Postgraduate Program in Applied Economics at Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP).Researcher at RESILIRE/ UFOP and LEMTe / UFMG research groups. My research interests issues include: Regional Economics; Brazilian Economy; Economic Development; Economic Geography, Green Finance.

Luana Di Guimarães, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.

Engenheira Ambiental com Mestrado em Engenharia Mineral pela UFOP. 

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Publicado

2023-07-05

Como Citar

Warrener, T. C., Silva, F. F., & Di Guimarães, L. (2023). Sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico: um estudo para países emergentes a partir de um sistema de equações simultâneas. Internext, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.18568/internext.v18i3.741