B2C E-commerce for Home Appliance in The Brazilian Market: A Cost Efficiency Investigation through a DEA-OCT Model

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18568/internext.v15i2.557

Palavras-chave:

E-commerce, Retail, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Optimal Control Theory (OCT), Inventory Management

Resumo

Objective: to investigate the cost efficiency of inventory management for publicly home appliance retail companies in the Brazilian market that operate, among other channels, with B2C (Business-to-Costumer) and discuss the possible impacts of e-commerce on inventory management.

Method: the first step, construction of a descriptive summary of Magazine Luiza and seven other competitors; the second step, analysis of the optimal cost efficiency of companies' inventory management, through an integrated and dynamic model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Optimal Control Theory (OCT). Amounts declared in the Quarterly Financial Statements between the fourth quarter of 2010 and the second quarter of 2018 were considered.

Main Results:  the discovery of best practices and the fact that, despite its extraordinary appreciation, Magazine Luiza was not a reference in inventory management and its costs during the analyzed period as a whole.

Relevance/Originality: this article is an initial step to address the lack of studies on e-commerce for emerging markets and inventory management and its costs for e-commerce.

Methodological Contributions: the proposition of a methodology that can be used by other researchers to assess the cost efficiency of inventory management and the impact of e-commerce, highlighting best practices.

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Biografia do Autor

Isotilia Costa Melo, Sao Carlos Engineering School (EESC) - University of São Paulo (USP)

Ph.D. Candidate in the strand of Efficiency Analysis for Productive Systems applied to e-commerce and cost management at USP and also participated as a researcher at University of Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada). Master in Industrial Engineering at USP (2017), Specialized in Welding Engineering at Mauá Technological Center (2013), Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering at USP (2009). Experience in Project Management and Automotive Industry.

Paulo Nocera Alves Junior, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) - University of São Paulo (USP)

He is currently a Postdoctoral fellow at the University of São Paulo (USP-ESALQ), collaborating with the Research and Extension Group in Agroindustrial Logistics (ESALQ-LOG). Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering (2018) from the University of São Paulo (USP-EESC), collaborating with the Research Group on Performance Analysis of Productive Systems (ADESP); and also participated in the PDSE-CAPES at Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (UAI), Chile. Master in Industrial Engineering (2014) from the State University of São Paulo (UNESP-FEB). Bachelor in Industrial Engineering (2011) from the University of Franca (UNIFRAN). He has experience in the following areas related to Industrial Engineering: Efficiency Analysis, Inventory Control, Logistics, Operational Research, Optimal Control, Data Envelopment Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, and Quantitative Methods.

Tatiana Kimura Kodama, Sao Carlos Engineering School (EESC) - University of São Paulo (USP)

Ph.D. Candidate in the strand of Operational Research at USP. Master in Industrial Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) (2015). Bachelor in Industrial Engineering at the Federal University of Grande Dourados (2012).

Karoline Arguelho da Silva, Sao Carlos Engineering School (EESC) - University of São Paulo (USP)

Ph.D. Candidate in the strand of Efficiency Analysis for Productive Systems at USP. Master in Industrial Engineering at the Federal University of Grande Dourados. Bachelor in Industrial Engineering at the Federal University of Grande Dourados

Mirian Wawrzyniak Chimirri, Sao Carlos Engineering School (EESC) - University of São Paulo (USP)

She is currently a Ph.D. student in the line of research in Economics, Corporate Finance, and Econometrics. Master in Production Engineering from the USP (2018). Bachelor in Economic Sciences from the USP (2016). She has experience in Economics, with an emphasis on Corporate Finance.

Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto, Sao Carlos Engineering School (EESC) - University of São Paulo (USP)

She is currently an Associate Professor at USP, member of the editorial board of the journals: - Revista de Engenharia e Ciências Aplicadas, - Produção (São Paulo) (0103-6513), - Produção Produção Online, - RAP. Brazilian Journal of Public Administration, and - Management and Production (UFSCar). Postdoctoral degree at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2004) and Universidad de Salamanca (2008). Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at USP (1999). Master in Industrial Engineering (1992). Bachelor in Civil Engineering (1984). She has experience in the area of Production Engineering, with emphasis on Economic Engineering, acting mainly on the following themes: investment analysis, competitiveness, technological innovation, sustainability, private capital, and public capital.

Referências

Alves Junior, P. N. (2018). Gestão de estoque e eficiência dinâmica: Uma abordagem integrada entre Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e Teoria do Controle Ótimo (OCT). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo. São Carlos.

AMZN. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved from https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/917130c5-e6bf-4790-a7bc-cc43ac7fb30a

APAS. (2010). Carrefour adota comando de voz em centro de distribuição - APAS - Associação Paulista de Supermercados. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from http://www.portalapas.org.br/carrefour-adota-comando-de-voz-em-centro-de-distribuicao/

Banker, R., Cooper, A., & Charnes, W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078–1092.

Basu, P., & Nair, S. K. (2014). A decision support system for mean-variance analysis in multi-period inventory control. Decision Support Systems, 57(1), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.09.012

Beck, N., & Rygl, D. (2015). Categorization of multiple channel retailing in Multi-, Cross-, and Omni-Channel Retailing for retailers and retailing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 27, 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.08.001

Benedictus. (2014). Inside the supermarkets’ dark stores | Business | The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/shortcuts/2014/jan/07/inside-supermarkets-dark-stores-online-shopping

BM&F Bovespa. (2018). Segmentos de listagem. Retrieved October 11, 2018, from http://www.bmfbovespa.com.br/pt_br/listagem/acoes/segmentos-de-listagem/novo-mercado/

Boysen, N., de Koster, R., & Weidinger, F. (2018). Warehousing in the e-commerce era: A survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 0, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.08.023

BTOW3. (2018). Formulário de Referência 2018. Retrieved from https://ri.b2w.digital/informacoes-aos-investidores/outros-arquivamentos-cvm

Canaltech. (2019). Walmart encerra seu e-commerce no Brasil. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://canaltech.com.br/e-commerce/walmart-encerra-seu-e-commerce-no-brasil-138991/

Chmelarova, V. (2007). The Hausman test, and some alternatives, with heteroskedastic data. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/936

Chuang, H. H. C., Oliva, R., & Heim, G. R. (2019). Examining the Link between Retailer Inventory Leanness and Operational Efficiency: Moderating Roles of Firm Size and Demand Uncertainty. Production and Operations Management, 28(9), 2338–2364. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13055

Cook, W. D., Tone, K., & Zhu, J. (2014). Data envelopment analysis: Prior to choosing a model. Omega (United Kingdom), 44, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2013.09.004

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

RFB3. (2018). Formulário de Referência. Retrieved from https://www.grupocarrefourbrasil.com.br/

Dyckhoff, H., & Souren, R. (2020). Data Envelopment Methodology of Performance Evaluation (pp. 47–82). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38732-7_3

E-Commerce News. (2010). Loja virtual brasileira do Carrefour servirá de modelo para toda a América Latina - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/loja-virtual-brasileira-do-carrefour-servira-de-modelo-para-toda-a-america-latina/

E-Commerce News. (2012). Carrefour diz: Até mais, e-commerce - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/carrefour-diz-ate-mais-e-commerce/

E-Commerce News. (2017). Walmart vai integrar loja física e e-commerce no Brasil - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/walmart-vai-integrar-loja-fisica-e-e-commerce-no-brasil/

E-Commerce News. (2018a). Bling anuncia integração com marketplace do Carrefour - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/bling-anuncia-integracao-com-marketplace-do-carrefour/

E-Commerce News. (2018b). Bling passa a integrar com Amazon - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/bling-passa-a-integrar-com-amazon/

E-Commerce News. (2018c). Carrefour lança serviço inédito de e-commerce alimentar e não alimentar na mesma plataforma - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/carrefour-lanca-servico-inedito-de-e-commerce-alimentar-e-nao-alimentar-na-mesma-plataforma/

E-Commerce News. (2018d). Mercado Livre amplia em 200% centro de distribuição em condomínio GLP - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/mercado-livre-amplia-em-200-centro-de-distribuicao-em-condominio-glp/

E-Commerce News. (2018e). Mercado Livre terá serviço de logística para entregas no mesmo dia - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/mercado-livre-tera-aplicativo-de-logistica-para-entregas-no-mesmo-dia/

EMARKETER. (2017). A Brief Overview of the Global Ecommerce Market | eMarketer Retail. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://retail.emarketer.com/article/brief-overview-of-global-ecommerce-market/59690010ebd40005284d5cc5

Exame. (2018). Startup para substituir Correios capta R$ 1,2 milhão pela internet | EXAME. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://exame.abril.com.br/pme/startup-para-substituir-correios-capta-r-12-milhao-pela-internet/

EXAME. (2017). Agora sim a Amazon poderá dizer que “chegou” ao Brasil | EXAME. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/agora-sim-a-amazon-podera-dizer-que-chegou-ao-brasil/

Giuffrida, M., Mangiaracina, R., Perego, A., & Tumino, A. (2017). Cross-border B2C e-commerce to Greater China and the role of logistics: a literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 47(9), 772–795. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-08-2016-0241

Hausman, J. A. (2015). Specification tests in econometrics. Applied Econometrics, 38(2), 112–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827

Huang, H., Li, S., & Yu, Y. (2019). Evaluation of the allocation performance in a fashion retail chain using data envelopment analysis. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(6), 901–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1532376

InfoMoney. (2018). Via Varejo tem prejuízo de R$ 79 milhões, mas uma má notícia pode ser boa - InfoMoney. Retrieved October 29, 2018, from https://www.infomoney.com.br/viavarejo/noticia/7730847/via-varejo-tem-prejuizo-de-r-79-milhoes-mas-uma-ma-noticia-pode-ser-boa?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nlminhasfinancas

IPEA. (2020). Transformação de séries - macroeconômico. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from http://www.ipeadata.gov.br/iframe_transformacao.aspx?width=1474&height=701

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Lampe, H. W., & Hilgers, D. (2015, January 1). Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA. European Journal of Operational Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.04.041

Liu, J., Gong, Y. (Yale), Zhu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). A DEA-based approach for competitive environment analysis in global operations strategies. International Journal of Production Economics, 203, 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.05.029

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MGLU3. (2018). Formulário de Referência. Franca. Retrieved from https://ri.magazineluiza.com.br/listgroup.aspx?idCanal=ZNblHtomXlPEN1ssTVaUhQ==&ano=2018

Mokhtarian, P. L. (2004). A conceptual analysis of the transportation impacts of B2C e-commerce. Transportation, 31(3), 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORT.0000025428.64128.d3

Alves Junior, P. N. (2018). Gestão de estoque e eficiência dinâmica: Uma abordagem integrada entre Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e Teoria do Controle Ótimo (OCT). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo. São Carlos.

AMZN. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved from https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/917130c5-e6bf-4790-a7bc-cc43ac7fb30a

APAS. (2010). Carrefour adota comando de voz em centro de distribuição - APAS - Associação Paulista de Supermercados. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from http://www.portalapas.org.br/carrefour-adota-comando-de-voz-em-centro-de-distribuicao/

Banker, R., Cooper, A., & Charnes, W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078–1092.

Basu, P., & Nair, S. K. (2014). A decision support system for mean-variance analysis in multi-period inventory control. Decision Support Systems, 57(1), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.09.012

Beck, N., & Rygl, D. (2015). Categorization of multiple channel retailing in Multi-, Cross-, and Omni-Channel Retailing for retailers and retailing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 27, 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.08.001

Benedictus. (2014). Inside the supermarkets’ dark stores | Business | The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/shortcuts/2014/jan/07/inside-supermarkets-dark-stores-online-shopping

BM&F Bovespa. (2018). Segmentos de listagem. Retrieved October 11, 2018, from http://www.bmfbovespa.com.br/pt_br/listagem/acoes/segmentos-de-listagem/novo-mercado/

Boysen, N., de Koster, R., & Weidinger, F. (2018). Warehousing in the e-commerce era: A survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 0, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.08.023

BTOW3. (2018). Formulário de Referência 2018. Retrieved from https://ri.b2w.digital/informacoes-aos-investidores/outros-arquivamentos-cvm

Canaltech. (2019). Walmart encerra seu e-commerce no Brasil. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://canaltech.com.br/e-commerce/walmart-encerra-seu-e-commerce-no-brasil-138991/

Chmelarova, V. (2007). The Hausman test, and some alternatives, with heteroskedastic data. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/936

Chuang, H. H. C., Oliva, R., & Heim, G. R. (2019). Examining the Link between Retailer Inventory Leanness and Operational Efficiency: Moderating Roles of Firm Size and Demand Uncertainty. Production and Operations Management, 28(9), 2338–2364. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13055

Cook, W. D., Tone, K., & Zhu, J. (2014). Data envelopment analysis: Prior to choosing a model. Omega (United Kingdom), 44, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2013.09.004

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

CRFB3. (2018). Formulário de Referência. Retrieved from https://www.grupocarrefourbrasil.com.br/

Dyckhoff, H., & Souren, R. (2020). Data Envelopment Methodology of Performance Evaluation (pp. 47–82). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38732-7_3

E-Commerce News. (2010). Loja virtual brasileira do Carrefour servirá de modelo para toda a América Latina - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/loja-virtual-brasileira-do-carrefour-servira-de-modelo-para-toda-a-america-latina/

E-Commerce News. (2012). Carrefour diz: Até mais, e-commerce - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/carrefour-diz-ate-mais-e-commerce/

E-Commerce News. (2017). Walmart vai integrar loja física e e-commerce no Brasil - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/walmart-vai-integrar-loja-fisica-e-e-commerce-no-brasil/

E-Commerce News. (2018a). Bling anuncia integração com marketplace do Carrefour - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/bling-anuncia-integracao-com-marketplace-do-carrefour/

E-Commerce News. (2018b). Bling passa a integrar com Amazon - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/bling-passa-a-integrar-com-amazon/

E-Commerce News. (2018c). Carrefour lança serviço inédito de e-commerce alimentar e não alimentar na mesma plataforma - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/carrefour-lanca-servico-inedito-de-e-commerce-alimentar-e-nao-alimentar-na-mesma-plataforma/

E-Commerce News. (2018d). Mercado Livre amplia em 200% centro de distribuição em condomínio GLP - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/parcerias-comerciais/mercado-livre-amplia-em-200-centro-de-distribuicao-em-condominio-glp/

E-Commerce News. (2018e). Mercado Livre terá serviço de logística para entregas no mesmo dia - E-Commerce News. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://ecommercenews.com.br/noticias/lancamentos/mercado-livre-tera-aplicativo-de-logistica-para-entregas-no-mesmo-dia/

EMARKETER. (2017). A Brief Overview of the Global Ecommerce Market | eMarketer Retail. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://retail.emarketer.com/article/brief-overview-of-global-ecommerce-market/59690010ebd40005284d5cc5

Exame. (2018). Startup para substituir Correios capta R$ 1,2 milhão pela internet | EXAME. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://exame.abril.com.br/pme/startup-para-substituir-correios-capta-r-12-milhao-pela-internet/

EXAME. (2017). Agora sim a Amazon poderá dizer que “chegou” ao Brasil | EXAME. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from https://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/agora-sim-a-amazon-podera-dizer-que-chegou-ao-brasil/

Giuffrida, M., Mangiaracina, R., Perego, A., & Tumino, A. (2017). Cross-border B2C e-commerce to Greater China and the role of logistics: a literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 47(9), 772–795. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-08-2016-0241

Hausman, J. A. (2015). Specification tests in econometrics. Applied Econometrics, 38(2), 112–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827

Huang, H., Li, S., & Yu, Y. (2019). Evaluation of the allocation performance in a fashion retail chain using data envelopment analysis. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(6), 901–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1532376

InfoMoney. (2018). Via Varejo tem prejuízo de R$ 79 milhões, mas uma má notícia pode ser boa - InfoMoney. Retrieved October 29, 2018, from https://www.infomoney.com.br/viavarejo/noticia/7730847/via-varejo-tem-prejuizo-de-r-79-milhoes-mas-uma-ma-noticia-pode-ser-boa?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nlminhasfinancas

IPEA. (2020). Transformação de séries - macroeconômico. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from http://www.ipeadata.gov.br/iframe_transformacao.aspx?width=1474&height=701

LAME4. (2018). Formulário de Referência. Retrieved from http://bvmf.bmfbovespa.com.br/cias-listadas/empresas-listadas/ResumoEmpresaPrincipal.aspx?codigoCvm=8087&idioma=pt-br

Lampe, H. W., & Hilgers, D. (2015, January 1). Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA. European Journal of Operational Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.04.041

Liu, J., Gong, Y. (Yale), Zhu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). A DEA-based approach for competitive environment analysis in global operations strategies. International Journal of Production Economics, 203, 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.05.029

MELI. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://investor.mercadolibre.com/static-files/7ec3a95a-553f-4802-ae80-a7f8cb6cb1d0

MGLU3. (2018). Formulário de Referência. Franca. Retrieved from https://ri.magazineluiza.com.br/listgroup.aspx?idCanal=ZNblHtomXlPEN1ssTVaUhQ==&ano=2018

Mokhtarian, P. L. (2004). A conceptual analysis of the transportation impacts of B2C e-commerce. Transportation, 31(3), 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORT.0000025428.64128.d3

Olesen, O. B., & Petersen, N. C. (2016, May 16). Stochastic data envelopment analysis - A review. European Journal of Operational Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.07.058

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Publicado

2020-04-13

Como Citar

Melo, I. C., Alves Junior, P. N., Kodama, T. K., Silva, K. A. da, Chimirri, M. W., & Rebelatto, D. A. do N. (2020). B2C E-commerce for Home Appliance in The Brazilian Market: A Cost Efficiency Investigation through a DEA-OCT Model. Internext, 15(2), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.18568/internext.v15i2.557

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v. 15 n. 2 (2020): Maio - Agosto

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